MBA翻译之理论与技巧

——英译汉概论

1. MBA大纲对英译汉的要求及评分标准。

2. 段落翻译的基本步骤和过程。

3. 英译汉的特点及翻译技巧

4. 英译汉实战演练

5. 历年考题内容，规律及特点分析。

一，直译法和意译法

Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.

砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。

砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。(太笼统)

I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.

我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。（不通顺）

我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里的见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了。

直译指不但表达原文的内容，而且还保留原文的表达形式，比如比喻，原文的形象，民族特色。

意译不拘泥原文的表达方式，而是根据译出语的文化语言习惯通顺，贴切的表达。

能直译的尽量直译，前提是英语句子的结构和内容大体符合汉语的思维形式。要求是词义表达贴切。注意把握尺度，直译的得分比不贴切的意译要高。

例

1.There is no reason for us to be enemies.

我们没有理由成为敌人。

2. You are crazy to go out in this stormy weather.
   你在这样的暴风雨里外出简直是疯了。

3. Keep your shirt on!

别激动嘛！

4.She is a busy-body.

她是个多嘴多舌，爱管闲事的人。

5. Do you see any green in my eyes?

你以为我是好欺负的吗？

6. He is the last man I want to see.

他是我最不愿意见的人。

7. I hasd butterflies in my stomach for an hour or so before I was due to make my speech.

在轮到我演讲之前，有一个小时左右我心里都是怪紧张的。

8. After so much bad blood between us, how generous can I expect him to be ?

我们两之间既然仇恨这么大，他还能宽厚的待我吗？

9. The burning question of my childhood had been richly answered.

我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了满意的回答。

10. When Joan graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.

她高中毕业的时候，把一切事情看得太容易了。

二，增词法

1.       That shirt is indeed cheap and fine.

那件衬衫真是价廉物美。

2.       After the volleyball match, he still has an important conference.

看完排球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。

3.       As he came in and begun to talking, words poured out.

他一进来就讲开了，滔滔不绝的说个没完。

4.       A red sun rose from the sea.

一轮红日从海面升起。

5.       Avoid using the machine in extreme heat, cold or humidity.

不要在过热， 过冷，湿度过大的情况下使用这台机器。

6.       Without gravity there would be no air around the earth.

如果没有地球引力， 地球周围就不会有空气。

7.       Such a conclusion can drawn with confidence.

我们可以很自信的得出这样一个结论。

8.       It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.

大家认为这样做是不妥当的。

9．Most of the problems have been settled satisfactorily.

大多数的问题已经被满意地解决了。

9.       For mistakes had been made, bad ones.

因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是很糟糕的错误。

三， 减词法（省略法）

 

1.       We live and learn.  He who hesitates is lost.当断不断。

活到老，学到老。

2.       I can do it, and so can you .

我能做，你也能做。

3．Smoking is prohibited in public places.

公众场合不准吸烟。

4.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

   冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

5. United, we stand; divided, we fail .

合则存，分则忘。

6. It has rained several days.

下了几天雨了。

7. She covered her face with her hand as if to protect her faces.

她用手蒙脸， 好像去保护眼睛。

8. Wash your hands before you take your meals.

饭前要洗手。

10.   There is rapidly increasing range of uses for computers.

计算机的应用范围正在迅速扩大。

 

四，重复法

1.       You should help her since you have promised to do so .

你既然答应了要帮助她就应该帮助她。

2.       Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

我们开修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。

3.       Marketing is pervasive social activity that goes considerably beyond the selling of toothpaste, soap, and steel.

营销是一种无处不在的社会活动，它远远超过牙膏，肥皂或者钢铁的销售活动。

4.       Needs are the basic, often instinctive, human forces that motivate a person to do something.

各种需要是人类基本的，通常又是出于本能的驱动力，这种驱动力促使一个人去从事某件事情。

五， 隐喻的翻译

1．  It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.

遗憾的是，我们的呼吁石沉大海。

3.       分译法

1.       The comprehensive work covers the entire history of China.

这部著作内容丰富多彩，包括了中国整个历史。

2.       They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.

他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。

3. But another round of war in the region obviously would put strains on international relations.

但是，如果该地区再次发生战争， 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。

4．It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.

人类最终将解开飞行物之谜，这是肯定的。

 

五，词义的选择、

1.       This is the first round. 这是第一轮。

There is a round table the room. 室内有一个圆桌。

Round the corner slowly.  慢慢绕过这个角。

He walked round the house. 他围绕房子转。

Come round tomorrow.  明天来吧。

2.       She likes reading more than writing. 喜欢

He doesn’t look like a professor.不像

I can’t play piano like you do. 不如你

3. He shook her hand and went away. 手

Mike writes a good hand. 字写的不错

His hand is out.   技能荒废了

Give me a hand, please.  帮

This office is short of hands.  人手

We have the situation well in hand. 把握

4.1.      Could you pick me up at 7? 接

4.2.      He slipped and fell , but quickly picked himself up. 爬起

4.3.      She picked up a used camera at the flea market. 挑了

4.4.      His health  picked up after a week in hospital. 恢复

4.5.      Survivors of the air disaster were picked up by small boats. 救起

4.6.      Don’t pick up strange boys. 勾搭

4.7.      How can you manage to pick up the language in such a short period of time? 获得，学会

4.8.      The murderer was picked up within 24 hours. 抓获

4.9.      We picked up the story again at the point where Jack has lost his job at the newspaper. 接着

5． I want to present everyone present a present.

给在场的各位增送一份礼物。

6.       The insurance was invalid for the invalid.

无效。残疾人

六，词义的转换

1.       He is no drinker, no smoker.

不喝酒，也不抽烟，名-动

2.       He is for the suggestion, but I am against it.

支持，反对 介=动

3.       Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.

独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。

4.       The promotion was a success.

这次促销活动是成功的。

5.       I had the fortune to meet you.

我幸运的遇到了你。名-副

6.       They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

病号和伤员 形-名

7.       I love having Fridays off.

休息 副-动

8．How long will she be away?

离开副-动

七，肯定译为否定法

1.        My guess is as good as yours.

我的猜测并不比你的高明。

2.        I love you more than I can say.

   我 说不出有多爱你。