一、命题特点及解题技巧
1． 语言功能类命题：
1）特点
l 此类题目与语境无多大的联系
l 题目多出在第二个人的对话中，且第一句话多是问句。
l 在陈述句的情况下，多是要表示安慰、恭维或评论
2）难点
l 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句的回答
l 回答感谢或道歉、接受或拒绝请求的方法
l 如何安慰、评论(同意或反对)、恭维
l 特定特殊疑问句的含义
l 回答要紧扣对话主题
3）解题技巧
l 合作原则（要回答问题，不能不知道）
l 相关原则（答案要和对话内容符合，切忌所答非所问。）
l 固定原则（惯用表达形式）
2． 语境命题
1) 特点: 特定语境的习惯表达(如何接电话、如何点餐、如何付款、如何交罚单等)
2) 难点: 考生不熟悉特定语境的特定表达
二、知识准备与典型例题
1. 语言功能
1) 对特殊疑问句 一般疑问句 和反义疑问句的回答方式
l 特殊疑问句:
l 特殊词组：
l 一般疑问句:
l 反义疑问句:
例题： C1. A: How long can I keep the book?
B: ______________
A. Yes. You can keep it. B. No. I'm afraid you should return it now.
C. Three weeks. But you can renew it if you need it for a longer time.
D. You can take it at any time you want.
A2. A. How does your daughter like her new school?
B. ____________________
A. Fine. She seems to have made some new friends in no time.
B. She likes it so much that she'll soon be reluctant to leave the school.
C. Though she likes the new school, she loves her old school much stronger.
D. Well, I'm afraid I don't know exactly.
B3. A: How did your interview go?
B: ___________________________
A. A manager interviewed me.
B. I couldn’t feel better about it! The questions were very fair, and I seemed to find an answer for all of them.
C. I am fully confident that I answered all the questions to the needs of the interviewer.
D. I answered all the questions of the interviewer to his satisfaction. But he may discriminate against me.
A4. A: Hello, John. How are you feeling now? Somebody said you have been sick.
B: __________________
A. Hello Mary. They must have had me confused with my brother, George. He has been sick all week. I have never felt better in my life.
B. Hello Mary. Who's sick? How can I be sick? I'm as strong as a horse. They must have gone mad.
C. Hello Mary. How are you?
D. Hello Mary. I'm quite happy. My wife has fallen ill. And, how about you?
A5. Johnny: Dear Tommy, why don’t you come on holiday with us?
Tommy: ______
(A) That’s very kind of you. I’d love to.
(B) How dare you invite me? I won’t go.
(C) Yeah, thanks anyway.
(D) Whether I’ll go or not is not your business, ok?
D6. A. Why don’t you have dinner with me tonight?
B: __________________________
A. Because I have an appointment.
B. Sorry about that, but I have to go to a party.
C. The reason is that I have to work overtime tonight.
D. I’d love to, but I have to finish my paper.
D7. A. What did you think of the movie?
B: ____________________
A. Sorry, I didn't have time to go to the movies.
B. The movie was made in India.
C. The ticket of the movie was inexpensive.
D. It was worth neither the time nor the money.
C8. A. What seems to be the trouble with him on the lecture?
B: ___________________
A. He is always doing well in the class and therefore there were no trouble at all on the lecture.
B. The lecture is very interesting and delivered in a highly logical manner.
C. He believes that the lecture is not well organized and therefore hard to understand.
D. The lecture is said to have been adapted from a well known contemporary author.
B9. A. What time does your bus leave for the office in the morning?
B: ______________
A. I'm sorry to say that it's on an irregular schedule.
B. It's on an irregular schedule. On Monday it leaves at 7' 30a. m. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, it leaves fifteen minutes later; and on Thursdays and Fridays it leaves thirty minutes later.
C. Excuse me, but, you know, it's on an irregular schedule. So you have to be on the stop each time earlier than the schedule.
D. OK. Let me tell you. On Monday it leaves at 7: 30a. m. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, it leaves fifteen minutes later; and on Thursdays and Fridays it leaves thirty minutes later.
A10. A: What is all this glass doing on the floor?
B: ______________________
A. Look at the window and you'll see. The kids were playing ball and Tommy failed to catch it.
B. I'll clean it. C. I'll call the repair man.
D. Can't you find out?
Group 2:
D1. A: Do you think your boss will expect you to work late again tonight? （一般疑问句）
B: _______________
A. Such has never been the case with my boss.
B. My boss has never done such a foolish thing.
C. How can we work late for our boss?
D. I think so.
B2. A: Have you decided what to get your wife for Christmas yet? （一般疑问句）
B: _______________
A. I don't mind Christmas is coming to us.
B. Haven't yet. It's a hard decision to make.
C. You know, she has to decide it herself.
D. You know, not every Chinese takes Christmas as a serious holiday.
A3. A. A man from AT&T would like to talk with the manager on the new project. Is she available?
B. _______________（一般疑问句）
A. I'm sorry. She is engaged right now.
B. I'm sorry. She is free.
C. Pardon, please. She said she would come to meet sooner or later.
D. She said she should apologize for inconvenience.
B4. A: Did you buy the book? （一般疑问句）
B: ________________________
A. No. On my way home from work I found a bookstore and entered aimlessly.
B. I had no idea the bookstore would close at six.
C. Excuse me. I didn't buy the book purposely.
D. I like it very much.
A 5. A: Are there any seats left for the opera on Saturday night?
B: __________.
A. We still have a few in the rear. B. I suppose there are only cheap ones left.
C. Nothing else is available. D. The show is almost over.
B 6. A: Aren’t you going straight home after school today?
B: ____________
A. Yes, I won’t be going home until Friday.
B. No. I have a class until 1 o’clock, and after that I’m going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.
C. Yes, but I am afraid I have to stay for a few hours in the city library before going home.
D. Yes. If I were you, I wouldn’t go home directly.
B 7. Speaker A: Don’t you think the concert is terrific?
Speaker B: ______
A. I want to hear other opinions. B. It certainly is. And I really like the band.
C. Yes, the concert is terrible. D. No, everything went on perfectly.
B 8. A: You don’t have to play that record so loud, do you?
B: ______________
A. Yes. I didn’t mean to disturb you. B. Sorry I don’t have to. I can turn it down a little.
C. Yes, sorry. Am I keeping you awake? D. Sorry, I didn’t realize you were trying to sleep.
Group 4
D1. A: I was thinking of staying in tonight to surf the Internet, do you want to join me?
B: ____________
A. Staying in tonight to serve the Internet? It's a good idea. Enjoy yourself.
B. Join you with the Internet? What about the Internet?
C. What I want to do is nothing else but take a walk.
D. Not really. I work on the computer all day long. I need a break from computer's screen.
D2. A. How annoying. I can't figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me?
B. ___________________
A. Why don't you do it yourself?
B. OK. Though it's beyond me, let me try.
C. You shouldn't feel annoyed. After all, it's your own problem.
D. Well, I'm afraid I can't at the moment.
C3. A. I'm anxious to get started on our project. Can we meet sometime before the weekend?
B. ___________________
A. Never mind. Shall we meet on Sunday?
B. Your project? I have no time studying your project.
C. What about Friday morning? I'll have time to go to the library that afternoon.
D. OK. Library is the best place for us to meet.
C4. A. Excuse me, do you have small change for a dollar?
B. ____________________
A. Why do you want to change? B. Is it my business?
C. Are dimes and quarters OK? D. You shouldn’t ask a stranger for change.
B5. Can I see a demonstration of this tape recorder?
_______________________
[A] No, I am afraid you cannot. [B] Sure. It is very easy to operate.
[C] All right, sir. Here you go. [D] That’s all right. But we can’t break it up.
D. She said she should apologize for inconvenience.
C6. Speaker A: My apartment is only 10 minutes’ walk from the office. Why don’t you drop by some time?
Speaker B: ______
A. Because I didn’t know you live so close by. B. Because I didn’t want to bother you.
C. I’d love to. Can I take my roommate along? D. That’s OK. I’ll be there soon.
A7. Speaker A: Doctor Smith is engaged on Wednesday. Would you like to come on Thursday?
Speaker B: ______
A. Thursday would be fine. B. See you then.
C. Thank you very much. Good-bye. D. It’s very kind of you.
C8. A: Sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the Sunset Road?
B: ____________
A. Sorry I couldn’t help. B. Yes, what can I do for you?
C. I’m afraid I have no idea. D. It’s not too far from here, is it?
D9. A: I have a last favor to ask you. Could you drive my daughter to the airport?
B: ____________
A. Shall I get the ticket for her? B. Yeah, I like that.
C. You bet I will. D. Sure, it’d be a pleasure.
B10. A: May I see the dentist now?
B: ____________
A. Is it a real emergency? B. Do you have an appointment?
C. In that case, you’ll have to wait D. I’ll talk to the dentist and squeeze you in.
Group 5
B1. A: That's the worst looking painting I've ever seen. （反对）
B: ______________
A. Never mind. Let's continue to look at. B. Come on. It's not that bad.
C. No, it is not the worst painting. D. Yes. It looks the worst.
A2. A: Good to see you. You look more fit and better.
B: _____________________
A. Thanks. I had a lot of exercise and drank vegetable juice everyday.
B. Sorry. I don't think I am more fit. Actually, I caught a bad cold.
C. Yes. I'm much more fit. And you?
D. I'm glad to see you too, though I'm not much better that ever before.
C3. A: You are washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.
B: ______________________
A. Though I'm washing my car on vacation, I was still criticized by my wife being lazy.
B. Never mind. Everyone does.
C. You shouldn't. It's just that I have nothing better to do at the moment.
D. Well, I'm afraid I can't do better than this.
A4. A: I wonder if Ann will come. It’s 8:30 now and she was supposed to come at 8: 00.
B: ____________________
A. She assured me she would start at 7: 30. Maybe she had been held up by the traffic.
B. You shouldn't be wondering. I believe she won't come.
C. Don't worry. Let's wait here until she comes.
D. Yes. I do agree with you.
C 5. A. I heard Joe say something terrible to you yesterday.
B: _____________________________
A. But, you know, I wish you could pardon me.
B. But, you know, every coin has two sides.
C. Yes, I have never been angrier in my life.
D. But I don’t mind that Joe says something terrible to you.
A6. A: I was hoping to get some bread from the bakery before it closes.
B: _______________________
A. You'd better be quick. It will close at 7: 00.
B. My watch says 6: 50, I'm afraid you'll be late. But don't be frustrated.
C. I don't know when it closes.
D. I've never been to that bakery.
D7. A: We don't seem to have a reservation for you, Sir. I'm sorry.
B: _______________________
A. What's the matter with you? Don't you believe my secretary has made reservations for me here?
B. OK. Let's go to somewhere else. But surely my secretary made reservations for me here.
C. What's the use of your being sorry? My secretary made reservations for me here. You don't believe her?
D. But my secretary said that she had made reservations for me here. I phoned her from the airport this morning just as I left home.
A8. A: I don't know how it happened. But I got two different appointments at lunch tomorrow. I'm supposed to meet both David and Jim.
B: _______________________________
A. Why don't you make one of them a breakfast meeting?
B. Why not refuse them and say you are too busy?
C. You are terribly wrong to make too many appointments.
D. It was wonderful for you to have two appointments in one day. You're lucky enough.
A9. A: I’m afraid I have spilled some coffee on the tablecloth.
B: _____________.
A. Oh, don’t worry about that. B. You needn’t apologize
C. I feel sorry for that. D. Oh, you shouldn’t have done that.
D10. You seem to have a lot of work to do in your office. You’ve always been working overtime.
B: _____________
A. You are right, but don’t you know the meaning of work?
B. Sorry, I don’t think so. I get paid for overwork, you know.
C. That’s right. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
D. That’s right, but the work is interesting. I don’t mind some extra hours at all.
A11. A: I don’t know why we listen to George?
B: ______________
A. I don’t know exactly why, either. B. I guess we are wrong this time.
C. I know. But perhaps you don't know why.
D. George, you know, is one of the hardest working students among us.
A12. A. Why you went to the cocktail party wearing such a shabby tie and so worn a suit? You are really a gentleman!
B: ____________________
A. But don’t you know it’s not the good clothes that make a gentleman?
B. Wearing such a shabby tie isn’t so important for me to be a capable businessman.
C. I’m not really a gentleman.
D. I think I am a real gentleman even in such a shabby tie.
A13 . A: That was a delicious meal, Mrs. Barr. Thank you very much.
B: ____________
A. You’re welcome. B. Never mind. C. It doesn’t matter. D. It’s just OK.
B14.A: Excuse me. I don’t want to interrupt you…
B: ______________
A. No, no. It’s quite all right. B. Well, never mind. C. It won’t bother me. D. Of course not.
B 15.A: I’m exhausted. I had to work until 2 o’clock this morning.
B: ______
A. Don’t worry too much. You can do it later.
B. Take it easy. You didn’t have to work so hard.
C. Take time off and let it be.
D. Take it or leave it. You don’t have to do it.
B16.A: We came so close, really. We almost won that game!
B: ______
A. There, there. B. There’s no use crying over spilt milk.
C. You guys were superb. D. I couldn’t care less.
2. 语境知识
1. Hi, Tom. How is everything?
_______________________
[A] I don’t care at all. [C] Not bad. How are you?
[B] No good, thanks. [D] Thank you for asking.
C
2. Tom: Paulo, ________________
Paulo: Nice to meet you.
[A] I would like you to meet my friend, Alex. [B] How are you?
[C] It is a nice day, isn’t it? [D] It is Alex.
A
B3. George, I would like to introduce a friend of mine, if I may: Albert Snow. Albert, this is George Smith.
___________________
[A] How have you been? [B] pleased to meet you.
[C] Mind if call you George? [D] the pleasure is mine.
A 4. Goodbye
__________________
[A] I am looking forward to seeing you again. [B] Take care
[C] It’s such a short time meeting, please do not go. [D] Pay me another visit soon.
C5 Hello, May I speak to Mr. Smith?
____________________
[A] Yes, I am Mr. Smith. [B] No, he is not in the office right now.
[C] Speaking! [D] He is not here. Can I speak for him?
B6 May I speak to Dr. Wang, please?
____________________
[A] Hold on a second, please. I’ll put him on.
[B] Sorry, Mr. Wang is not available right now.
[C] I am not sure because I don’t what he is doing.
[D] Thank you very much for calling.
A7 911 Emergency.
________________________
[A] We need your help. Someone has broken into our house.
[B] All right. Hurry up, I’m in hospital.
[C] How much is the phone call?
[D] May I speak to Dr. Wang, please?
D8. Hilton Hotel. May I help you?
________________________
[A] Just a moment. Mr. Li made a reservation for today, but he hasn’t checked in yet?
[B] May I speak to the operator?
[C] Is your telephone off the hook? Why no one answer the phone of the room 1234?
[D] Please connect me with the room of Mr. Chen.
C9. Did you pay off your car yet?
_______________________
[A] No, it has been paid in 5 installments already.
[B] Yes, I have put down $3000
[C] No. I still have six more monthly payments to make.
[D] Yes, the remaining 80 percent will be spread out in 3 month.
D10. A: I haven't been driving as fast as the other cars.
B. ___________________
[A] Sorry, madam. I am sorry there is something wrong with your car.
[B] Don't be arguing with me. I'll kill you if you drive so far next time on the superhighway.
[C] The other cars? Different cars have to observe different traffic rules, you know.
[D] I'm sorry, madam, your speed limit's fifty-five miles per hour. I have to give you a ticket.
口语交际考试项目需要考生较好地了解常用的口语表达形式。下面总结了不同语境情况下的口语表达用语，供考生复习参考。
1．见面时的对话
（1）Greetings
1）How are you?
—Fine, (Very well, Not bad,) thank you. And you?
—Just so so. I have a headache.
—Not too well, I’m afraid.
2）How’s Bob?
How’s the family?
How’s everybody at the office?
（2）Expressing surprise and pleasure in seeing someone
1）Hello, Jack. Haven’t seen you for a long time (ages) ! How’s everything going?
2）Oh, hello, Wang. I’m so glad to see you. How’re you doing?
3）Hi, John! Nice to meet you here. How are you getting on? (How are things with you?)
4）Hi, Mary! Fancy running into you here! It’s great to see you again. What have you been doing since I saw you last?
2．分手时的对话
（1）Announcing that you must be leaving
1）Well, I must be off. Good-bye.
—Good-bye.
2）I’m afraid I’ve got to be going now. So long!
—So long!
4）I’m afraid I must be going now. It was nice meeting you. See you later.
—(I’m) glad to have met you, too. Take care.
5）Sorry, I’ll have to be going. It’s getting very late. Good night.
—Good night.
6）Mr. Smith. Thank you for a pleasant evening. I must be going now. See you tomorrow.
—It was nice to have you, Mr. Chang. Good night.
（2）When taking one’s leave
1）I hope you’ve enjoyed your stay in China.
—I certainly have. I shall never forget my visit to your wonderful country.
2）Thank you for everything you’ve done for me during my stay here.
—You’re welcome.
3）I wish you a pleasant journey.
—Thank you.
3．相互介绍时的对话
（1）Introducing yourself
1）May I introduce myself ? I’m Chang Lan.
2）How do you do? My name is Chang Lan.
3）Mr. Jones, I believe? My name is Chang Lan.
4）Hi, My name is…
（2）Introducing somebody else
1）Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Wang.
2）May I introduce you to Mr. Wang, head of the Friendship Delegation?
3）Mr. Johnson, allow me to introduce you to Mr. Wang. Jack, I'd like you to meet my Chinese friend, Wang.
（3）Exchange of formalities
1）How do you do?
—How do you do?
2）(I’m) glad to meet you.
—(I’m) glad to meet you, too.
3）(I’m) delighted to know you, Mr. Smith.
—(I’m) equally delighted to meet you.
4）(I’m) very pleased to meet you.
—The pleasure is mine.
5）(It’s) nice to meet you.
—Same here.
4．感谢与回答
（1）Thank you (very much)
1）Thanks (a lot) .
2）It’s very kind (thoughtful) of you !
3）How kind (thoughtful) of you!
4）(I’m very) much obliged (to you) .
5）I’m really very grateful to you.
6）I shall always feel indebted to you.
7）Thank you anyway (all the same) .
（2）Giving answers
1）Don’t mention it.
2）Not at all.
3）You’re welcome.
4）Sure thing.
5）I’m very glad to have been of help to you.
6）I’m so glad you like it.
7）Think nothing of it.
8）Thank you for the trouble you have gone to.
—No trouble at all. I’m always glad to help you.
9）Thank you for your help.
—It’s been a pleasure.
—I’m afraid I haven’t done as much as I should.
5．道歉与回答
（1）Apologizing for being late or troubling somebody
1）I’m so (very) sorry, I’m afraid I’m late.
2）Sorry for being late. You see, I was held up by the rain.
3）I must apologize for being late.
4）I hope I haven’t kept you waiting too long.
5）Sorry to have kept you waiting.
—It’s perfectly all right.
—Oh, it doesn’t matter.
—Not at all.
6）I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
—Not in the least.
—Not a bit.
—You’re welcome.
7）I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
—Not at all.
（2）Apologizing for having done something wrong
1）I’m sorry, I quite forgot.
2）I’m sorry, I forgot all about it.
3）I’m sorry, it’s my fault.
4）I beg your pardon. Did I hurt you?
5）I’m awfully sorry. I hope I haven’t hurt you.
6）I’m terribly sorry. I hope it isn’t broken.
7）I must apologize for being so careless.
8）I’m sorry. I hope I haven’t spoiled it.
—Oh, it’s nothing. Don’t let a little thing like that worry you.
—Oh, it’s perfectly all right. Don’t worry about it.
—Oh, it’s quite all right. Forget it!
—It doesn’t matter.
—I assure you, it’s nothing at all.
—Not a bit.
—Never mind.
6．请求许可或帮助与回答
（1）Asking for permission
1）May I come in?
—Come in (please) .
—Do come in.
2）May I open the window?
3）May I help you?
4）May I have a look?
5）May I interrupt you?
—Of course you may (can).
—Yes. (certainly).
—By all means.
—Please do.
—I’m sorry. I’m afraid…
6）(Do you) mind if I smoke?
Do you mind my smoking here?
Would you mind if I opened the window?
7）You don’t mind if I smoke, do you?
—Not at all.
—Go ahead.
8）I wonder if I could…
9）I should like to…if I may.
10）Would it be possible to have a talk with your students?
—Yes, of course.
—Well, I’m afraid…
（2）Asking for help
1）Could you lend me your dictionary?
—Certainly.
2）Could I trouble you to send this book for me?
—Sure. I’ll be glad to.
